{"id":227805,"date":"2022-10-18T11:04:25","date_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:04:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turismodealmodovar.org\/caroubier\/"},"modified":"2022-10-18T11:04:25","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:04:25","slug":"caroubier","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/turismodealmodovar.org\/fr\/caroubier\/","title":{"rendered":"Caroubier"},"content":{"rendered":"

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D\u00e9but<\/a> > Nature et tourisme actif<\/a> > R\u00e9servoir et plage fluviale de La Bre\u00f1a II<\/a> > Flore<\/a> > Sierra de Hornachuelos<\/a><\/p>\n

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SIERRA DE HORNACHUELOS<\/p>\n

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Caroubier<\/h2>\n

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Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un arbre robuste originaire du bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en jusqu\u2019\u00e0 10 m\u00e8tres de haut, au tronc et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9corce irr\u00e9guliers, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9corce fine mais noueuse et de couleur brun gris\u00e2tre. Elles sont vivaces et vert fonc\u00e9. Les feuilles sont arrondies ou ovales, avec des marges enti\u00e8res. Elles sont vivaces et de couleur vert fonc\u00e9. Elles sont compos\u00e9es : il y a plusieurs petites feuilles qui poussent \u00e0 partir du m\u00eame bourgeon. Les petites feuilles sont dispos\u00e9es en paires jusqu’\u00e0 cinq paires (paripenn\u00e9es). Les fleurs sont de petite taille, peu voyantes, mais avec une forte odeur. Elles naissent en grappes, group\u00e9es en inflorescences directement du tronc ou de branches lat\u00e9rales et sont de couleur brun\u00e2tre ou rouge\u00e2tre. Les fruits ont la forme de l\u00e9gumes secs et sont connus sous le nom de caroubes. Ils sont l\u00e9g\u00e8rement courb\u00e9s, en forme de corne, mesurent jusqu’\u00e0 25 cm de long et contiennent 10 \u00e0 16 graines \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur. Les caroubes poussent d’abord en vert, entre f\u00e9vrier et fin mai ou d\u00e9but juin, lorsqu’elles atteignent leur taille maximale. En juillet, sa couleur verte passe au chocolat noir pour atteindre la maturit\u00e9 en septembre. Le caroubier est une esp\u00e8ce capable de supporter des conditions environnementales tr\u00e8s arides. Il pousse dans des zones de climat sec, doux et chaud, sans gel et pr\u00e8s du littoral (jusqu’\u00e0 600 masl). Il ne forme g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas de for\u00eats, mais on peut le trouver dans des peuplements accompagn\u00e9s de palmiers, de lentisques et de ch\u00eanes kerm\u00e8s. Il est indiff\u00e9rent au type de substrat, mais a besoin de lieux ensoleill\u00e9s. Il ne craint pas les sols pierreux et les ravins arides en pente. En plus de la valeur ornementale de cet arbre a une grande valeur ethnologique car il a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9 aux exploitations agricoles. Il fournit non seulement de l\u2019ombre et du bois, am\u00e9liore et enrichit le sol et aide \u00e9galement \u00e0 stabiliser les pentes avec ses racines. Mais surtout, il se distingue par son fruit, qui a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 nourrir le b\u00e9tail depuis les temps anciens. La caroube est utilis\u00e9e pour produire une farine (farine de caroube), qui a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e en p\u00e9riode de p\u00e9nurie pour la consommation humaine.<\/span><\/p>\n

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